1. The gift: a gesture still rooted in Western society
Limits study
• A dimension Donor
• A sector specific
• ; essentially linked to large organizations
• Whole areas are not studied here
2. The gift, a special logic
A triple bond (?)
Give - Receive - Make
In Kwakiutl potlatch (Franz Boas)
Trobriand Islands: the Kula (Malinowski)
(questionable statistics)
• 1,000,000 Associations (1,300 weekly), 1.8 million employees.
• Approximately 13 million of French people over 15 years would see themselves as volunteers, producing an estimated work between 700,000 and 1,000,000 FTE
• Donations collected (excluding premiums) in 2005: from 2.5 to 2.7 billion euros, or a gift average about 50 euros per contributor.
• Friends of the Louvre: 60,000 friends and nearly 3 million each year to help the museum.
3. A hybrid system
| | Market | State | Don |
| Personal Enrichment | ■ | □ | □ |
| Solidarity | □ | ■ | ■ |
| Contract rational | ■ | ■ | □ |
| Link Social | □ | □ | ■ |
| Speed | ■ | □ | ■ |
| Duration | □ | ■ | □ |
| Equity | □ | ■ | □ |
| Domination | ■ | □ | ■ |
"For a sustainable development of the gift"
On what is sustainable development generosity? (JM Destree, p. 3)
- a better understanding and consideration personal aspirations of donors.
- a greater transparency and management always more efficient and rigorous.
- improved capacity of NGOs to demonstrate the effectiveness of their actions. ("The day is near where NGOs can no longer be satisfied with the weight of their brand).
รจ marketing, evaluation and indicators ...
Marketing donation
• "In terms of generosity, we are not in a saturated consumer market where brand new brand could grow at the expense of others." (15)
• "Of the donations, it is clear that the tax benefits to donors benefit more than the recipient organizations. This is a serious lack of communication and widespread that it is urgent to correct " if you want to give 30 €, thanks to tax deductions, you can give 90 € or 120 € " rather than " if you donate € 30, it will cost you only 10 € or 7.5 €. ( Andrew Hochberg France generosity )
4. The generosity of the French
key figures in France donation
• One French 25 shows today its annual blood
• A family of 3 is still refusing the removal of organs from a deceased loved
• A 7-French demonstrates a commitment to volunteering relatively regular
• An outbreak taxable 4 shows regularly, check, bank transfer or Internet
Comparing American
• USA:
- $ 300 Billion
- $ 1000 per capita
- ; $ 1,620 per contributor
• France: 2.7 billion €
- ; 50 to 60 euros per contributor
oratorical precautions
The report "is based on information carefully collected source, most often intersected, possibly free from bias that we identify on our discipline and our collective experience as well. However, we are not sure of anything and we ask to listen and discuss, to enrich us and move forward "(5).
from the start: against the "law Coluche"
"Nearly 20 years later, it is time to take stock and find that the bonus awarded associations that work for people in difficulty, not only solves nothing, but mostly just creates an intolerable disparity to the detriment of associations [...] "(5)
Methodology (1)
• All data are present?
• Go through associations:
"We are very pleased with the confidence placed in us by our partners: they were 56 in 2006 and are 73 in 2007."
figures indisputable (?)
• declarations of donations collected by Bercy
• Extrapolations Public Access (detailed survey)
"We start from a certainty based on the amounts reported to the tax authorities. Taking into account the results of the survey GREGOR - Public Access, we believe that these amounts represent about 70% of donations made by check, bank transfer or Internet. It is these donations that can issue a tax receipt. The total amount of donations made this way will be obtained, according to a conventional rule of Three. "
Computing on the only taxes
Tsunami ... The effect did not persist ... or how to improve a graphic
The Catholic Church
A number of stable homes donors: 1,440,000
Methodology (2)
"The investigation [on the declarations of gifts or not] was performed April 15 to June 20, 2007, with a total of 2476 people in line for a hand and face to face with the participation of students (600 interviews), on the other. The operation was conducted using the quota method and the results reflect the composition of the French population, in terms of gender, age and occupational status. "
Donations and religious practices
Don average relative to incomes
More management
"You can imagine that these taxpayers [senior tranches] think only their comfort and are incapable of significant gestures of generosity, so we must make the assumption that the associations have not yet found the discourse that allows them to convince. This is certainly not in the form of calls to conventional gift. This could be by offering genuine development projects that speak to investors that they are generally . (26)
Don and age
Density and generosity of donors
Conclusions: challenge to the measure
The evolution of the donation is too low, the state takes care of everything
" Hundreds of millions of dollars lost each year tax incentive system?" (28) - A document produced by lobby group
"To summarize, the system tax is incomprehensible to ordinary donors, so there is no incentive. It is perceived as a tax savings when it should be presented as a bonus for the state to be more generous. It is unfair because it gives priority to assistance (meals, accommodation and care) for people in need, forgetting education activities in their favor, and by discriminating to the detriment of preventive actions. Actions that could lead to many specifically avoid falling into difficulties. " (32)
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