Americans for the Arts, 2005
William Baumol, 1966
Cultural services as services "mixed"
• Contribution of glamor
• contribution in trade: tourism, shopping, hotels, etc..
• enable future generations to train and assess.
impact studies
• How much does a cultural event in an economy Local? : Culture as an economic investment
• studies in the late 1970s (Hendon: Economic Evaluation )
• Port Authority, New Jersey, 1983.
• very old logic: "Stop the footsteps of the traveler"
classic example (Bilbao)
• An overall plan to revitalize the city.
• Basque Contribution: 132 million ( 84 million construction 36 million purchase works 12 million loan works Gugg.)
• Revenues of 1300 M, 18 times the construction costs.
• 965,000 visitors including 579,000 foreigners in 2005.
• 165 million of direct and indirect revenues in 2005.
4893 employees maintained in 2005 and 4361 jobs created since the center; unemployment from 14.5% in 1995 to 9.5% in 2005
A simple logic
- Direct benefits (user spending, grants, endowments)
- Indirect benefits (hotels, restaurants, shops ...)
- Profits induced (spending the first two recipients of benefits)
The principle benefits induced
The multiplier (Keynesian):
A consumption expenditure generates more demand than the initial expenditure
( è expenditure) è employment è income ( è expenditure) è employment è
income ... analysis debatable
Avignon (1986)
Of conclusions to be handled with caution
Over 300 pages: a strong argument
little lesson in propaganda ...
Creed on: The economy is based on creativity
An efficient layout for fast
From a luxury to a necessary investment: demonstration
What concerns the public
Type Public spending
Total revenue generated by the arts industry and culture
The share of tourism in the audience
The cultural tourist , an investment that pays more ...
Calculate yourself the impact of your city!
- method of investigation
- categories included in the survey
organization survey self-administered, by email
Survey on the public (art patrons!) Self-administered
"It's good, you can be sure, but everyone does not agree, and anyway, you'll notice that many economists "!
The multiplier
• The multiplier: a method challenged by improved
• But where is the input-output matrix which has its calculation?
• logic reasonable to consider different multipliers, depending on the cities
• ; approximations for the aggregation and evaluation of the multiplier (services)
levels of approximation (and potential errors)
• Selection of the 156 cities and regions (representative?)
• responses by email of organizations (12.6% to 86% response rate), consider themselves their total audience)
• responses of the hearing to the questionnaire (100/66.000 = 0.15% or 820/1.686.000 = 0.04%): representative?
• calculations multiplier
• estimate for the entire hearing
• Rating for all U.S.
What risks?
• The main reason funding becomes economic performance is judged on this principle.
• In case of deficit, the market rules are different from those of cultural organizations: the disappearance
Port Museum Douarnez
• Douarnez, 17,000 inhab.
• Opening in 1993 (1985)
• Company mixed economy (city, NMR, etc.).
• 11M Construction
• Receivership; resumed negotiations and failure è governance
; (Tobelem)
0 comments:
Post a Comment