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2. Performing arts, The Economic Dilemma

William Baumol, 1966

A good explanation is given by Heilbrun can be downloaded by following the link .

The issue of productivity

• Labour productivity (output per hour work )

- Ex: number of hours / people needed to produce X

- Ex: Smith pin factory

- f (organization, machinery, etc.).

• Increased productivity: Δ Prod . = Prod. t2 - Prod. t1

• a surplus can be distributed

- ; employees (higher wages, bonus, promotion, reduction of working hours ...)

- the company (Increase of capital, investment financing),

- to shareholders (dividend increases)

- consumers (lower prices).

Increase productivity by

• Augmentation capital/travailleur,

•         Amélioration technologie,

•         Amélioration formation/qualification,

•         Amélioration management,

• Economies of scale

structure of the book by Baumol

A. The general context

1. organizations orchestras, theater commercial, off-Broadway theater (small), regional theater, opera, dance

- Number

- geographic dispersion

2. The "cultural explosion" in the early 1960s: increasing cultural consumption (?), Cultural centers, cultural spending

3. the public: an analysis of socio-economic groups attending arts

- Education higher than the average level

- higher incomes than the population

4. The artist, composer, choreographer ...

- Income Level / Other professions: artists and art teachers in 28th position, 40th rank musicians, dancers at the 48th ...

- Analysis of Income performers

5. State financial organizations

6. Revenue and deficit

7. Contributions to cover the difference in revenue / income gap